Pharmacodynamics: cAMP and IP₃/DAG Pathways
This topic explains two of the most important second messenger systems that cells use to convert an external drug or hormone signal into a specific intracellular response.
What you will learn:
- Introduction to second messenger systems
- Structure and function of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)
- cAMP (Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate) Pathway
- Activation of Gs and Gi proteins
- Role of adenylyl cyclase
- Formation and actions of cAMP
- Activation of Protein Kinase A (PKA)
- Cellular responses and physiological effects
- IP₃/DAG (Inositol Triphosphate/Diacylglycerol) Pathway
- Activation of Gq proteins
- Role of phospholipase C (PLC)
- Formation of IP₃ and DAG
- Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum
- Activation of Protein Kinase C (PKC)
- Cellular responses and physiological effects
- Comparison of cAMP vs IP₃/DAG pathways
- Important receptors and drug examples using each pathway
- Clinical significance and pharmacological applications
- High-yield exam points, flowcharts, and memory tricks for quick revision
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